Oil well casing head and tubing hanger



Feb., 21, 1939 ll V l l I I? lil I 1 f 'Ilii 'iz lJ/l Hulk/? '75 l II, l0 Z614 24 wel@ @www v J. L EMLEY OIL WELL CASING HEAD AND TUBING HANGERFiled D'o, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet l Sliema/ii@ Feb. 21, 1939. LEMLEY2,148,360

' OIL WELL CSING HEAD AND TUBING HANGER l Y F1186. DGC. 30, 1937 2Sheets-Sheet 2 x ff@ Y Y f' f" ein A wrm/wmp '55 ure 6. cussed.Extending laterally through the iiange @s Patented Feb. 21, 19392,148,360

UNITED .STATES PATENT OFFICE John Lcmley, Midland, Tex., assignor toGray gooi Company, Houston, Tex., a corporation of exas ApplicationDecember 30, 1937, Serial No. 182,618

20 Claims. (Cl. 166-14) The present invention relates to oil well com-It is customary to flow an oil well through 'pletion equipment, andparticularlyv to a castubing hung in the casing headcontrolled by inghead and tubing hanger which make possible various valves and ttingsassociated together increased exibility in the manner in which the in asuperstructure which is mounted on the caswell may be ov'ved.l ing head.This assembly of valves and ttings 5 One of the principal objects of theinvention is usually called a Christmas tree. While the is to provideequipment of the above type where- Well is llowed through the Christmastree, it is in the well may be iiowed simultaneouslyA or inessentialthat there be provided side outlets from dependently from the tubingthrough the the casing head to relieve pressure from the Christmas treeand from the tubing through a interior of the casing outside of thetubing, which lo regular casing head side outlet or outlets, whileoutlets may be used, if desired, to ow the well at the same time thewell may also be permitted from thecasing. y -to relieve itself of owfrom the casing through Referring to. Figures 1 and 2, the ordinaryanother of the regular side outlets in the casing casing of a Well isindicated at 8, and secured l5 head. to the upper end thereof is acasing head i0. l5

In the accomplishment of the above, Ihave de- There may be severalcasings, one inside anvised a novel form of tubing hanger having aother, each provided with an appropriate casside passage therein adaptedto be aligned with ing head, and with a hanger for hanging each one ofthe regular casing head side outlets, said Casing in its heed. F01 theSake 0f Simplicity, hanger being so constructed that another of the Ihave disclosedonly a single outside casing, 20 regular casing head sideoutlets will not be with'its casing head. The casing head is problockedoff when the tubing is hung, so that vided with a pair of regular sidevoutlets i12 and the well may beiiowed simultaneously from the I4, saidoutlets having their axis in the same tubing through a regular casinghead side outhorizontal plane. In the particular embodiment let, as wellas from the casing through a regular disclosed, the said outlets are inalignment with casing head side outlet, without the necessity of Oneanother, on opposite sides of the casing head. providing additional sideoutlets in the casing These outlets normally provide conduits of owhead. from the casing, and are equipped respectively In the drawings,which are illustrative of prewith flanges it and I8, to which areadapted ierred forms which the invention may take, and t0 be SeClll'edSS by bolts. aS ShOWIl, the IeSDeC- 30 are in no sense restrictive, tiveilanges 2B and 22 of control valves 24 and Figure 1 is a verticalsectional view through 26. it will be understood that it is desirable awell casing head and control equipment t0 have eS feW Side Outlets inthe Casing mounted thereon, showing the manner in which heed ESPossible, aS When the' Well iS Completed, the hanger is lowered to itsseat in the complethe llid therein Will be under tremeldOuS fOI- tion 0fa we11; mation pressure, and even though the side out- Figure '2 is avertical sectional view .ofthe lets are Controlled by valves during thenow casing head, showing the tubing hung therein, vlife of the Wellthese valves may beCOme leaky. with the Christmas tree in position andthe well thus presenting a dangerous nuisance and mak- 40 ready forowing; ing necessary their replacement, which in itself 40 Figure 3 is aside elevational view of the' is a dangerous operation.

hanger; In Figure 2 the hanger @t of the present in- Figure 4 is a crosssection of the hanger on the vention is shown seated in the Gesine head.The line d-i of Figure 3; casing head has ay bore 32 slightly largerthan Figure 5 is a cross' section of the hanger on' the bore of thecasing e, and in the upper end 45 the lines 5 5 of Figures 3 and 7; ofthe casing head and above the side outlets Figure 6 is a sectional viewof the casing head 52 and N this bOfe tapers OlliWeIdlY es at 3@ similartoFigure 2, showing a modified iorm of providing a conical seat for thereception of the the invention; hanger. Above thisseat the casing headis Figure 7 is a vertical sectional View through equipped with acircular flange 38 which serves 5o the casing head taken along the line"l-i of as a `foundation either for the control equip- Figure 6; mentshown in Figure 1, to be hereinafter de- Figur'e 8 is a horizontalsectionalrview of the scribed, or for the Christmas tree disclosed in-casing head taken along the line e-- of Fig- Figure 2 and which willalso be hereinafter disthe hanger.

ll and operable from the exterior of the casing head when equipment ismounted thereon, are a plurality of locking screws 40, said screwshaving tapered ends 42 which engage the beveled surface 44 extendingaround the upper end of The locking screws are threaded through openingsin the flange 38, and suitable packing 46 is placed around the screwsand held in sealing engagement therewith and with the bore through theflange 36 by glands 50 which are threaded into a counter bore in theflange.

The hanger III supports the conventional ow tubing 52, which extends toa point adjacent the bottom of the well, generally within or above thescreen or strainer carried by the casing 6, and through which the oilfrom the well flows under the natural formation pressure.

Mounted on the casing head and secured thereto by ange and boltconnections of like size, is a master manifold valve 54, this valvebeingthe conventional master control used on Christmas trees. A circularmetal gasket 56 is provided between the ange of the valve 54 and theflange 38 of the casing head to provide a seal. This valve may beconsidered as constituting the Christmas tree, or it may be the mastercontrol for other valves of the Christmas tree mounted above the same.It has been the practice to hang the tubing by means of the hanger inthe casing head, position the Christmas tree on the casing head, andthen flow the wail from the tubing through the valves and fittings ofthe. Christmas tree. The casing head side outlets such as I2 and I4 havegenerally only been used for owing the well or relieving pressure fromthe casing, and to permit the returns during the drilling and washingoperations to be discharged from the casing head.

It is contemplated that wells now being completed may flow under theirown natural pressure for many years. During the' ilow life of thesewells, it is probable that many changes will be made in the manner inwhich the oil is conveyed from the well. For instance, the usualChristmas tree above the master manifold 54 includes two or moreconduits of ilow, usually provided by mounting a T or cross or othermanifold iltting of the same character above the master manifold valve,so that the oil may be flowed simultaneously or independently throughdifferent flow lines leading to separate tanks, pipe lines and so forth.A pluralityof such flow lines are necessary, for the sake ofconvenience, and because when a valve or fitting becomes leaky in oneilow line, it is desirable to'be able to close that line off while thevalve is replaced, while still maintaining the ilow of oil fronathe wellthrough another line. To entirely close ofi' a well for the repair ofvalves or ilttings is not good practice, as the cessation 0f iiow maypermanently injure the well.

An elaborate arrangement of valves in the Christmas tree is to beavoided, not only because of the expense involved in leaving suchequipment as a permanent part of the Christmas tree structure, but alsobecause each valve itself is an additional hazard which may become leakyor blow but, resulting in loss of control of the well, or at least inthe loss'of time and money necessary to effect repairs.

The present invention has been devised to reduce to a minimum the numberof valves and fittings necessary to be left as a part of the wellstructure, while still providing a marked ilexibmty 1n the manner inwhich the well may be owed during its life.

Referring to Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, the hanger 30 of the presentinvention has an enlarged cylindrical head 60 and a downwardly andinwardly tapered seating portion 6I which is adapted to closely engagethe seat 34 of the casing head.

A pair of packing rings 62 encircle said tapered portion, said ringsbeing embedded in grooves in the wall of the hanger. These rings areforced into sealing engagement with the casing head seat by the weightof the tubing, and also by the pressure of the bevelled ends 42 of thelocking screws 4I). Below the lowermost packing ring 62, the hanger hasa substantially cylindrical portion 64 (Figure 4) throughout a half partof its circumference, this portion not being as large as the casing headbore 32, so that fluid from the casing may pass upwardly around thehanger through the passage 66, and discharge through the regular sideoutlet I4 of Figure 2.

As particularly shown in Figures 2 and 4, a half part 6B of thecircumference of the lower part of the hanger is of increased diameter,and the outer surface of this portion of the hanger is of the samecurvature and intimately engages the Wall of the bore of the casing headadjacent the side outlet I2. This portion 68 of the hanger is grooved asshown in Figures 2 and 4, to receive substantially circular packingmembers 'I0 which extend completely around the side outlet I2 in thecasing head when the hanger is hung therein. Within the packing rings'I0 and extending through the side wall of the portion 68 of the hangeris a hanger side passage 12, which is of the same diameter as the casinghead outlet I2, and is adapted to be aligned therewith when the tubingis hung.

With this arrangement, and when the tubing is hung, the Well may be owedfrom the tubing through the Christmas tree under the control of themaster manifold valve 54, and simultaneously or independently from thetubing through the Iside outlet I2 of the casing under the control ofthe valve 24v shown in Figure l. At the same time, the well may beflowed either simultaneously or independently with this tubing iiow fromthe casing through the side outlet I4 in the casing head under thecontrol of the valve 26 shown in Figure 1, it being apparent that theconstruction of the hanger is such that the side outlet I4 is notblocked off when the tubing is hung.

The construction of the completion equipment shown in Figure 2 and aspreviously described, thus provides three separate conduits of flow fromthe Well, and at least two separate conduits of ow from the tubing. Thewell may be effectively controlled with the use of only three valves onthe well structure. The well may be ordinarily owed through theChristmas tree under control of the master manifold valve 54 with thevalve 24 closed, and when it is desired to make any repairs `orreplacement in valves or fittings beyond the from the well therefromwith perfect safety, and

at the same time without cutting oif the flow of the well through thetubing. As stated above, there is grave danger of ruining a well bycompletely cutting off flow therefrom, and it is highly desirable to beable to at'all times continue the ilow through the tubing.

This invention permits the simultaneous flowing of the well from thetubing through a regular casing head side outlet, and also from'thecasing through a regular casing headnside outlet without the necessityof providing additional .casing head side outlets below the conventionalones shown at I2 and I4. A great majority of the casing heads now inpractical use have their side outlets positioned with their axis in asingle plane, and usually only two casing head side outlets are providedon opposite sides ofthe head in alignment with one another. f the hanger30 were of such construction that when lowered to its seat it blockedoil the flow from the casing to the side outlet I4, it would benecessary to provide additional casing head side outlets below thoseshown at I2 and I4 in order to provide for the safe relief of iiuid fromthe casing. This is highly undesirable, as the number of outlets andvalves therefor should be kept at a minimum.

The hanger of the present invention is adapted to be lowered to its seatwhile maintaining a seal between the casing and tubing at all times, andif desired, while a'seal is provided within the tubing until the hangeris seated. As shown in Figure 1, the casing head is adapted to receivethereon control equipment of a now well known construction. This controlequipment comprises a master drilling valve 18 and a pair of blow outpreventers 18 and 80 mounted'on the casing head I as a foundation, andsecured thereto in sealing engagement by flange and bolt connections oflike size. The bore 82 through this control equipment is as large as themaximum bore of the casing head, and is somewhat larger thanthevinternal diameter of the casing, so that a drill or other device aswide as the casing may be lowered through this equipment and into thewell while a seal is maintained by the blowout preventers between thedrill string and the casing.

In Figure 1, the hanger 30 is disclosed being lowered to its seat, saidhanger being attached as previously described to the upper end of thetubing 52, and is lowered by means of a length of tubing 84 which isscrewed into the upper threaded portion 86 of the bore of the hanger asshown in Figure 2. During insertion of the tubing, if dangerous pressureexists inthe well, a tubing seal such as a frangible disk may beprovided near the lower end of the tubing, and the lower end of thetubing is inserted to position above the master drilling valve 16 whilethe latter is closed, and the blowout preventers engaged with thetubing, after which the master drilling valve is opened and the tubinglowered into the well, the blowout preventers 18 and 80 beingalternately operated to pass tubing collars and the like. I'he Vexternaldiameter of the hanger 30, while being greater than that of the bore ofthe casing 8, is not quite as large as the'bore 82 of the controlequipment, so that said hanger may be lowered to its seat while controlof the well is maintained between the casing and the tubing by alternateoperation of the blowout preventers 18 and 80 as portrayed in Figure 1.The hanger may be lowered to the position shown in Figure 1 with blowoutpreventer 18 in engagement 'with the tubing 52, after which the blowoutpreventer 80 may be engaged with the lowering pipe 84, followed by thelowering of the hanger to its seat. The hanger is locked in its seat byoperation of the locking screws 40, which were retracted when the hangerwas lowered into its seat.

When the hanger is seated and locked, the control equipment, includingthe master` drilling valve and blowout preventers; may be relegated tothe positiUn of accessories, after which the master manifold valvemay bepositioned on the casinhead-with any further control equipment in thnature of valves and .fittings disposed beyond said mastermanifoldlvalve. 'I'he well may then be flowed after a weight is droppedthrough the tubing to destroy the frangible seal in the lower endthereof. In lieu of a frangible disc to seal the tubing, a removablespear or removable back pressure valve may be disposed therein, thelatter permitting a downward flow of iiuid through the tubing to washthe well while providing against .reverse flow therethrough due to theformation pressure. Such a valve maybe removed, without losing controlof the well, after the Christmas tree is mounted on the casing head.While it is preferred to only provide a pair of casing outlets, and toemploy a hanger of the type shown in Figures 2 through 5 in practicingthis invention, increased exibility of flow or manifolding may beprovided by employing a casing head 90 shown in Figures 6, 1 and 8,which has more than two side outlets. In this modication, the casinghead has two pairs of opposed outlets 92 and 94 having theiraxis insubstantially the same horizontal plane, and a modiiied form of hanger9S is provided-with a pair of opposed tubing flow passages extendinglaterally through its wall, as shown at 98 and |00, and both the saidpassages are surrounded by packing rings |02 in the outer wall ofthehanger, as described in connection with Figure 3. 'Ihe hanger of thismodified form of the invention is circular in cross section as shown inFigure 5, and is identical with the hanger of the preferred form of theinvention where it seals with the casing head, but the lower portion ofthe hanger is provided with two opposite semi-cylindrical sealingsurfaces |03 and |04 of substantially the same radius as the interior ofthe casing head bore adjacent the openings 88 and 00. Between thesesealing surfaces the hanger is cut away on eachy side as shown at |06and |08, so that when the hanger is seated, pressure from the casing maybe relieved, or fluid may flow therefrom upwardly through the cut awayportions |06 and |08 discharging through the casing head side outlets94, as shown in Figures '7 and 8. Appropriate grooves are provided inthe side wall of the hanger in the sealing surfaces |03 and |04 toreceive the packing rings |02, which rings completely surround thehanger passages 98 and |00 and the casing head side outlets 92, thuscompletely isolating the latter outlets from the casing. v

With this arrangement, the well may be simultaneously or independentlyflowed from the tubing through the Christmas tree and from the tubingthrough either or both of the casing head side outlets 82. At the sametime, the well may be flowed either simultaneously or independently withthis tubing flow from the casing through either or both of the casinghead side outlets 94.d

The master manifold valve 54 controls flow through. the Christmas treefrom the tubing, andtion, and that they carry as an integral partthereof all necessary means to form a seal and close off the upper endof the casing head. Thus, the hanger not havin-g any protruding parts,may be conveniently lowered to its seat through the control equipment onthe casing head, as shown in Figure 1, While maintaining control of thewell.

The invention of this application is an improvement in the apparatus andmethods for completing wells described and claimed in application SerialNo. 736,635, Roger Smith, iiled July 24, 1934, and application SerialNo. 58,821, Robert A. Mueller and Roger Smith, led January 13, 1936.

Various changes may be made in the construction disclosed herein withoutdeparting from the invention.

I claim:

1. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a bore,said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head having a' pluralityof side outlets at the same level therein, a Christmas tree controlvalve positioned above said casing head, a tubing in said casing, ahanger on said tubing adapted to engage said seat and sus-- pend thetubing in the well, said hanger having means for simultaneously flowingthe well from the tubing through one of said outlets and from the tubingthrough said valve, and providing for relieving pressure from the wellat the same time from said casing through another of said outlets.

2. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a boretherethrough, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head havinga pair of side outlets with their axessubstantially in the samehorizontal plane, a tubing in said casing, a hanger on said tubingadapted to engage said seat, said hanger having a bore in alignment withsaid tubing, a lower extension on said hanger having a side wall insealing engagement with said casing head bore adjacent one of saidoutlets, said extension being reduced adjacent the other of said outletsto permit flow of fluid from said casing through said other outlet, saidhanger having a side passage from its bore to its outer wall oppositesaid first mentioned outlet, whereby the well may be flowed from saidtubing through said first mentioned side outlet.

3. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a boretherethrough, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head havinga pair of diametrically opposed side outlets at substantially the samelevel in the casing head, a tubing in said casing, a hanger on saidtubing adapted to engage said seat, a lower extension on said hangerhaving a side wall in sealing engagement with said casing head boreadjacent the outlet on one side thereof, said extension being reducedadjacent the outlet on the other side of said casing head to permit owof duid from said casing through the latter outlet, said hanger having aside passage from its bore tov its outer wall opposite said firstmentioned outlet, whereby the well may be flowed from said tubingthrough the outlet on one side of said casing head, and Well pressurerelieved from said casing through the outlet on the other side of thecasing head.

4. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a boretherethrough, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head havinga pair of side outlets with their axes substantially in the samehorizontal plane, a tubing in said casing, a hanger on said tubingadapted 2,1,4aseov to engage said seat to suspend the tubing in thewell, means surrounding -said hanger forming a seal between the same andthe bore of said casing head to close off the upper end of said casing,said hanger having a bore in alignment with said tubing, a lowerextension on said hanger having a side wall in engagement with saidcasing head bore adjacent one of said outlets, said extension beingreduced adjacent the other of said outlets to permit flow of uid fromsaid casing through the latter outlet, said hanger having a side passagefrom its bore to its outer wall opposite said firstmentioned outlet, andmeans surrounding said first mentioned outlet and forming a seal betweenthe bore of the casing head and the outer wall of said hanger, wherebythe well may be flowed from said tubing through said rst mentionedoutlet.

5. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a longitudinal boretherethrough, and having an outside surface comprising a seatingportion, packing means on said seating portion of the hanger extendinglaterally around the same, a side passage opening through the wall ofthe hanger from the bore to the outer surface thereof, and packing meanson the outer surface of said hanger completely surrounding said passage.

6. A hanger for suspending tubing from the casing head of a well, saidhanger having upper and lower ends and a longitudinal passagetherethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of said hangerintermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal passage to theouter surface of the hanger to provide a channel of flow from theinterior of the hanger, the outer wall of the hanger opposite saidpassage being reduced from the lower end thereof to the level of saidpassage to provide a longitudinal channel of flow along the outside ofsaid hanger when the latter is seated in the casing head.

'7. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a longitudinal boretherethrough, said hanger having a downwardly tapered head to seat inthe casing head of a well, packing means on the `outer wall of saidhanger at the downwardly tapered portion thereof extending laterallyaround the hanger for forming a seal with a seat in the casing head,said hanger having a semi-cylindrical portion below its downwardlytapered portion for engaging a wall of a casing head, a side passageopening through the wall of the semi-cylindrical portion of the hangerfrom the bore to the outer surface thereof, and packing means on theouter wall of said semi-cylindrical portion of the hanger completelysurrounding said passage.-

8. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a curved outersurface to conform with and seat in the curved bore of a casing head,said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough, 'a side passageopening through the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage tothe outer curved surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outersurface of the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to sealagainst the curved bore of the casing head around said side passage.

9.`A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a curved outersurface to conform with and seat in the curved bore of a casing head,said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passageopening through the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage tothe outer curved surface of the hanger, packing means on the outersurface of the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to sealagainst the curved bore of the casing head around said passage, andpacking means on the outer surface of the hanger extending laterallyaround the same above said side passage to seal against the curved boreof the casing head.

10. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having an outer surface toconform with and' seat in the bore of a casing head, said hanger havingupper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, a sidepassage opening through the wall of the hanger intermediate the endsthereof from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of thehanger, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger completelysurrounding said side passage to seal against the bore of the casinghead around said side passage, the outer surface of the hanger outsideof said packing which surrounds said side passage being reduced from thelower end of the hanger to the level of said side passage to provide alongitudinal channel of flow along the outside of the hanger when thelatter is seated in the casing head.

11. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having an` outer surface toconform with and seat in the boreof a casing head, said hanger havingupper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, a sidepassage opening through the wall of the hanger intermediate the endsthereof from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of thehanger, packing means on the outer surface of tige hanger extendinglaterally around the same above said side passage to seal against thebore of the casing head, and packing means on the outer surface of thehanger completely surrounding said side passage to seal against the boreof the casing head around said side passage, the outer surface of thehanger outside of said packing which surrounds said side passage beingreduced from the lower end of the hanger to the level of said sidepassage to provide a longitudinal channel of flow along the outside ofthe hanger when the latter is seated in the casing head.

12. A hanger for suspending tubing irf a Well, said hanger taperinginwardly from its upper toward its lower end, and having an outersurface shaped to conform with and seat in the bore of the casing head,said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passageopening through the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage tothe outer surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surfaceof the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to seal againstthe bore of the casing head around said side passage.

13. A hanger for suspending tubing in the casing head of a well,comprising a,unitary fitting' having upper and lower ends and beingtapered from its upper toward'its lower end, said hanger having an outersurface of substantially the same size and shape as the bore of thecasing head to seat in and form a seal therewith, and having alongitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through theWall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage to the outer surfaceof the hanger, the outer surface of said hanger having a groove thereincompletely surrounding said side passage, and packing in said groove toform a seal against the bore of the casing head around'said sidepassage.

14. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a boretherethrough andhaving side outlets from said bore, a tubing supportinghanger having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shapeas said casing head bore to seat in and form a seal therewith, s'aidhanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough and a side passagefrom said longitudinal passage to the outer surface'of the hanger, saidside passage being in alignment with one of said outlets, and packingmeans entirely surroundingsaid one of said outlets and compressedbetween said casing `head bore and the outer surface of said hangerforforming a seal around said one of said outlets.

15. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a boretherethrough and having side outlets from said bore, a tubing supportinghanger having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shapeas said casing head bore to seat in and form a seal therewith, saidhanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough and a side passagefrom said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, saidside passage being in alignment with one of said outlets, packing meansentirely surrounding said one of said outlets and compressed betweensaid casing head bore and the outer surface of said hanger for ft' minga seal around said one of said outlets, and packing means on the outersurface of the hanger extending laterally around the same above saidside passage compressed between said casing head bore and the outersurface of said hanger for forming a seal above another of said outlets.

16. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a boretherethrough and having side outlets from said bore, a tubing supportinghanger having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shapeas said casing head bore to seat in and form a seal therewith, saidhanger having upper and lower ends and a longitudinal passagetherethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of said hangerintermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal /passage to theouter surface of said hanger, said side passage being `in alignment withone of said outlets, and packing means entirely surrounding said one ofsaid outlets and compressed between Asaid casing head bore and the outersurface of said hanger for forming a seal around said one of saidoutlets. the outer surface of said hanger outside of said packing whichsurrounds said one of said outlets being reduced from the lower end ofsaid hanger to the level of another of said outlets, to provide alongitudinal channel of flow from the casing between the outside of saidhanger and the bore of said casing head to said last named outlet.

17. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a bore, said boreincluding a hanger seat, said casing head having a plurality of Sideoutlets at the same level therein, atubing supporting hanger adapted toengage said seat and suspend the tubing in the well, said hanger havinga longitudinal passage therethrough for flowing the well from the tubingthrough the Christmas tree, and having means for simultaneously-nowingthe well from the tubing through one of said outlets, and providing forrelieving pressure from the casing of the well at the same time throughanother of said outlets. y

18. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a bore, said boreincluding a hanger seat, said casing head having a plurality of sideoutlets at the same level therein, a tubing supporting hanger adapted toengage said seat and suspend the tubing 1n the wen, said hanger having alongitudinal passage therethrough for owing the well from the tubingthrough the Christmas tree, and having means for simultaneously lowingthe well from the tubing through one of said outlets, and providing forrelieving pressure from the casing of the well at the same time throughanother oi' said outlets, means forming a seal between said hanger andsaid casing head bore around said Erst-named tubing outlet, and meansforming a seal between said hanger and said casing head bore above saidlast-named casing outlet.

19. A hanger for suspending tubing in the casing head of a well, havingan outer surface of substantially the same size and shape as the bore ofthe casing head to seat in and form a seal therewith,' and having a.longitudinal passage therethrough, a plurality of side passages openingthrough the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage to theouter surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surface i ofth hanger completely surrounding each ot l y CERTIFICATE OF Patent No.2,lii8,560.

said side passages to seal'against the bore of the casing head aroundeach of said side passages.

20. A hanger for suspending tubing in the casing head of a well, havingan outer surface or substantially the same size and shape as the bore ofthe casing head to seat in and form a seal therewith, said hanger havingupper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, aplurality of side passages opening through the wall of the hangerintermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal passage to theouter surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surface ofthe hanger completely surrounding each of said side passages to sealagainst the bore of the casing head around the same, the outer surfaceof the hanger being reduced between said side passages from the lowerend of the hanger to the level of said side passages to providelongitudinal channels of flow along the outside of the hanger when thelatter is seated in the casing head.

JOHN LEMLEY.

CORRECTION.

February 2l 195 9.

JOHN LEMIEY lt is hereby certified that error appears n the printedspecification of the above numbered patent requiring correction asfollows: Page 1 first column, lline l5, for the word "of" read or; page2 first columny line 52, for "wall" read well; and that the said LettersPatent should be read with this correction therein that lthe same mayconform to the record of 'the case 'n the Patent Offlcet.

Signed and sealed 'this 28th day of March,

(Seal) A. D.l t

Heng??? Van Arsdale Acting Commissioner of Patents.

